Social Institutions: Continuity and change | Class12 | Chapter-3 | Sociology | NCERT

                            Chapter- 3

Social Institutions: Continuity and change

Cast - Casta (Breed) 

Two Distinct terms of caste are -

• Varna- Four Folds of hierarchical devision

                 •Brahmna

                 • Kshatriya

                 •Vaishya 

                       •sudra

• Jati- Jati is basically assiociated  with occupation ex.Lohar , Sunar , Machvare etc.

Cast is an unequal institution

Ascribed status and achieved status

        Dr. Pawan pandey 

Features of Cast system are :-

  

1.  Determined by Birth
2. Endogamy
3. Rules of food sharing
4. Segmental organisation
5. Cast link with occupation

Wholism and hierarchy

Wholism- Each caste is dependent on the other caste system rather than egalitarian system.

Hierarchy- Each caste has its place in the hierarchical system.

                 •Brahmna

                 • Kshatriya

                 •Vaishya 

                       •sudra

Each cast has its own occupation , but there was no social mobility.

Purity and Pollution 

Tribal Communities

•  8.2% Population
•  Janjati , Vanjati, Adivasi, Harijan

Permanent Trail & Acquired Trait

Permanent trait	Aquired Trait
Size	Mode of livelihood
Language	Occupation
Race	Skills

Family and Kinship

Family - a group of people who are bond together either legally or biologically

• Joint family
• Extend Family

Kinship- Have 2 terms to remember

• consanguineal kin
•  affinal kinship

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