Chapter - 2
The Demographic structure of the indian society
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Demographic - Description of people
● Formal demography - Quantative method
● Social demography - Qualitative method
Concept and indicators:-
1.Brith rate - No. of Birth in a particular area
per thousand people.
2.Death rate - No. of deaths ina a particular
area per 1000 people
3.Sucide rate- No. of sucide in a particular area
per 100,000 people
4. Fertility rate - No. of fertile women's in a
particular area per 1000 fertile women's
5.Infant motality rate - Total no. of infant's died
below the age of 1 in a particular area per
1000 Life births.
6. Maternal motality rate - No. of women's died
while giving birth in a particular area per 1000
maternal women's
7.Sex ratio - No. of female's in a particular area
per 1000 males
8.Replacement level-Replacement level is the
amount of fertility needed to keep the
population the same from generation to
generation
9.Dependency ratio -. People with the age
groups of 1 to 15 & Above 60 Comes in a
category of dependency Ratio
10. Working force - Age group people's of 15
to 59 comes in a working force.
11. Sterilization- Vasectomy / Tubectomy
Malthusian theory of population growth
According to Malthus,
population increases at geometric rate -
2,4,8,16,32 and so
whereas means of life increase at arithmetic
rate. - 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 and so on.
It means the means of life increases at
constant rate whereas population grows at
faster rate
To Control population
● Preventive check- mankind voluntarily
taking decisions ex- postponing marriage ,
celibacy, etc
● Positive check- Natures way of controlling
population ex- earthquake, pandamic,
famine & diseases etc.
Theory of Demographic Transition
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